Rep. Mark Takano Releases Report Calling Reverse Mortgages a “Senior Housing Bubble Held Together by Glue and Tax Dollars”
Washington DC – Earlier today, Representative Mark Takano released a report titled, “Reverse Mortgages: Senior Housing Bubble Held Together by Glue and Tax Dollars” and sent a letter to the Federal Housing Administration recommending reforms that would protect seniors and save taxpayers money.
Several key findings in the report:
- One out of every ten reverse mortgages is in default and could face foreclosure.
- Reverse mortgages are expensive. After ten years, interest and ongoing fees on a lump sum reverse mortgage can add up to more than $100,000, after twenty years interest can reach more than $300,000 on top of the original loan amount.
- As defaults and foreclosures have increased, FHA’s reverse mortgages lowered the value of the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund by $5.2 billion in Fiscal Year 2012. Forcing the Treasury Department to transfer $1.7 billion to the MMI Fund for the first time in the Fund’s history in the fall of 2013.
- The decline in pensions, the economic recession, cost-of-living adjustments that don’t keep pace with the rising cost of health care, and increasing life expectancy have encouraged seniors to seek alternative ways to supplement their retirement income.
- In the 1990s, less than 10,000 reverse mortgages were issued a year. In 2009, the number of reverse mortgages peaked at 114,412 loans, in fiscal year 2013 the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) backed 61,296 loans.
- Misleading advertisements that feature trusted celebrity spokespeople, like former-Senator Fred Thompson, Henry Winkler, Robert Wagner, and Pat Boone, often falsely imply that reverse mortgages are a government benefit, not a loan, and that there is not a risk that seniors will lose their home.
In the report, Takano recommends the following reforms: reverse mortgage lenders and servicers having a fiduciary responsibility to act only in the best interest of borrowers; limiting FHA backing for reverse mortgages issued by lenders with persistently high default rates; restoring funding for housing counseling; and extending the “free look” period to allow seniors more than three days to determine if a reverse mortgage is right for them.
“Reverse mortgages were always meant to be a last resort for seniors, but since the Great Recession, we’ve seen an incredible surge in the number of these type of loans being issued,” said Takano. “Unfortunately, we’ve also seen a lot of misinformation and bad actors flood the market that are not doing what is best for our nation’s seniors, but rather exploiting and profiting off of them. With many Americans being taken advantage of every year, I’m calling on the Federal Housing Administration for the best ways to enact reforms that will save taxpayers money, protect hundreds of thousands of consumers, and save countless homes.”
Full Text of Letter:
The Honorable Carol Galante
Assistant Secretary for Housing – Federal Housing Commissioner
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
451 7th Street SW
Washington, DC 20410
Dear Commissioner Galante:
I write today about recent changes to the Federal Housing Administration’s Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM) Program and to recommend further reforms to protect seniors and taxpayers.
As you know, the HECM Program offers seniors an opportunity to take out equity from their home to help pay for living expenses or other costs. In recent years the number of reverse mortgages has grown, peaking at 114,412 loans in 2009. Growing pressures on seniors have increased interest in this program, particularly the lump sum option. Unfortunately, default rates are also high and the HECM program cost the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund $5.2 billion, in part leading to the transfer of $1.7 billion from the Treasury in the fall of 2013 to help stabilize the account.
Last year Congress passed and President Barack Obama signed the Reverse Mortgage Stabilization Act (Public Law No: 113-29). This law gives the FHA added flexibility to manage the HECM Portfolio and make changes that would improve the fiscal stability of the program. I’m pleased that the FHA has already taken steps to shore up the program by requiring borrowers to undergo a financial assessment before taking out a reverse mortgage, setting up escrow accounts to ensure borrowers have enough funds to continue to pay insurance and taxes, and limiting the amount borrowers can take in an upfront lump sum payment.
However, I believe that the opportunity remains to improve the program for seniors and taxpayers. Right now, lenders have no incentive to guarantee that the loan is the right fit for the senior, because they receive the full backing of the FHA even if the borrower defaults. I believe Congress and regulators need to consider whether companies with default rates exceeding the industry average still deserve the full backing of the FHA. With this approach, lenders with low defaults would continue to receive the full backing of the loans, but those with persistently high default rates could see their federal backing diminish and only be insured for a portion of the value of the loan. Making this change would give lenders an incentive to ensure that seniors are able to fulfill the terms of the loan and help stabilize the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund by limiting the payouts for defaults.
In light of the passage of the Reverse Mortgage Stabilization Act, I would appreciate clarification about the FHA’s authority to further reform the HECM program. Does the FHA have the authority to pursue reforms that would limit its support for irresponsible lenders, or would it take legislative action to change the way that the FHA insure HECMs?
Thank you for your attention to this matter and your continued leadership at the Federal Housing Administration. I look forward to hearing your thoughts. For further information, please contact Amanda Eaton, on my staff, at 202-225-2305.
Sincerely,
Mark Takano
Member of Congress
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